Psychology: Women And Territory :: Free Essays

Psychology: Women and Territory Basic psychology is the attempt to explain and understand significant issues in human behavior which can shed light on popular misconceptions. Desmond Morris and Naomi Weisstein explore two different psychological areas that are misunderstood by the public and some psychologists. "The invading army encroaching on national territory, the gang moving into a rival district, the trespasser climbing into an orchard, the burglar breaking into a house, the bully pushing to the front of a queue, the driver trying to steal a parking space, all of these intruders are liable to be met with resistance varying from the vigorous to the savagely violent"(P.256,257) These are all examples of the various ways in which people can violate someone's territory. The violation of a boundary can have serious consequences. For instance, a gang uses visual stimuli such as graffiti to illustrate a marked territory. The unreadable words to the average person mean nothing. A rival gang member may ignore these symbols of territory and hence, put their life in jeopardy. Territory is not just environmental, but it is also bodily. A person creates an imaginary bubble around them. This is considered their personal space. Some people are allowed into the bubble while strangers usually must stay outside. The bubble varies from culture to culture. A person in Europe will stand closer to a friend than an American would. The odd feeling that Americans experience in foreign countries when talking to local people is a common misunderstood concept. Naomi Weisstein's article Psychology Constructs the Female, explains the various misunderstanding that male psychologist have towards females. One the prominent psychologists of the sixties, Erik Erikson, explained his biased opinions that women primary function is the being a mother. "We must start with the realization that, as much as women want to be good scientists or engineers,

Expert Hair Testimony Essay

Hello ladies and gentlemen of the jury my name is Brittany Marroquin. I am a hair analysis expert. I am here today to determine whether or not the suspects are responsible for the crime that has been committed. I have here the lab results depicting the crime scene. The trace evidence (small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene) found at the crime scene was the killers hair, and the victim’s own hair to exclude any hair samples found similar to the victim. There are three suspect and one sample hair found at the scene of the crime. After analyzing the crime scene hair we found that the hair was light brown, transparent and have no medulla, (the central core of a hair fiber) with an imbricate (cuticles scales that are flattened and narrow) cuticle (the tough outer covering of a hair composed of overlapping scales). When analyzing the hair follicles (the actively growing root or base of a hair containing DNA and living cells), you can g o at it two ways macroscopically (in a such a way as to be large enough to be visible to the naked eye; in a way which is comprehensive or is concerned with large units) and microscopically (Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope). When analyzing the hair macroscopically you should look at the length, color, sheen, whether it’s wavy or straight, and the presence or absence of follicle tissue or not.

Sociology Quiz 3 - 892 Words

Sociology Quiz 3 Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 1 - 24.0/ 25.0 Points Question 1 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points Who is the sociologist given credit for coining the concept of the McDonaldization of Society? D.George Ritzer Question 2 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points Samantha works in a place that is hierarchical, has a division of labor, written rules, communications and records, and in which the administration treats workers impersonally. Based on these characteristics, we can conclude that Samantha works in a[n] ________. C.bureaucracy Question 3 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points The Ku Klux Klan, March of Dimes, and Boy Scouts of America all have specific objectives that guide their operation. Even though their respective activities and†¦show more content†¦B.They offer people an identity. Question 9 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite is called ________. C.the Iron Law of Oligarchy Question 10 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, why do hidden values exist in an organization? D.As self-fulfilling stereotypes to direct the organization Question 11 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points It is believed by some sociologists that attempts to humanize the workplace are simply ways to manipulate workers into cooperating in their own exploitation. This belief is most aligned with the ________ perspective. B.conflict Question 12 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points It is becoming more common for corporations to provide daycare facilities as a fringe benefit for their employees. What has evaluative research found regarding the costs and benefits of these facilities? C.Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale. Question 13 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points Violation of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ________. D.crime Question 14 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements? A.It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant. Question 15 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points The relativity of deviance is most aligned with which sociologicalShow MoreRelatedSoc 110 Complete Course Soc110 Complete Course Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagesmeetings goals? SOC 110 Week 2 Assignment : Effective Teamwork Resource:  Ch. 3 amp; 4 of  Working in Groups  and the Week Two videos Building A Team Of Talent and Team Building Write  a 200- to 350-word response to each of the following: * What are the characteristics of effective teams? * How do roles, needs, and diversity affect teamwork? Provide specific examples. * What are components of group diversity? 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LP#1 will conclude with students answering the question â€Å"What is culture?† once more, this time with a great deal of informationRead MoreFeminism Types and Definitions Liberal1287 Words   |  6 PagesCourses Degrees Schools Careers | Register Search Courses Lessons Feminism Types and Definitions: Liberal, Socialist, Culture Radical / Sex and Gender in Society / Sociology 101: Intro to Sociology / Social Science / Courses Like? Feminism Types and Definitions: Liberal, Socialist, Culture Radical Video Quiz Congratulations! You ve reached the last video in the chapter. Transcript Start the Next Chapter Race and Ethnicity Definitions: Social Minority vs. Social Majority CREATERead MoreRobert Merton : Strain Theory1606 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Merton: Strain Theory Lashaya B. Jenae B. Raykyle H. Dominique W. Lidiya Y. Morgan State University Sociology 331-001 03/05/2015 Robert K. Merton developed the structural strain theory as an extension of the functionalist perspective on deviance. 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Hamlet And Twelfth Night Comparison Essay - 957 Words

William Shakespeare wrote plays that covered the breadth of human experience, which seem to have transcended the restraints of age because they contain universal themes. His body of his work is comprised of genres of plays, which varied from tragedies to comedies. Of them, Hamlet and Twelfth Night are perfect examples of both. A comparison between them could be of interest because their common points demonstrate that, however differing their genres are, Shakespeare’s plays essentially illustrate what it is to be human[1] . [2] Hamlet and Twelfth Night could both be compared through instances of body imagery, critical thought and social integration. In the first place, when it comes to body imagery in Hamlet and Twelfth Night, the†¦show more content†¦It is said that Queen Elizabeth I’s controversial reign at the time informed the play’s content. She, in fact, used to like to invite theater companies to her palaces[2] and saw a performance of the play at Christmastime while on a campaign in Ireland[3]. In her medieval England, people met the idea of a female monarch with hostility[4], because there had never been one until[5] . The challenge to tradition that was Queen Elizabeth I’s reign most likely to lead the discussion of gender roles in Twelfth Night. In Hamlet, there is absolutely no critical thinking in the prevailing themes of the play. Much of revolves around the idea that the disorder of universe leads to general grave disrepair. This is according The Great Chain of Being which was an explicit and distinct hierarchy of life the Elizabethan universe from Shakespeare’s time[5]. The clear motif of fear of this hierarchy is seen when Hamlet says: (†¦) the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air—look you, this brave oerhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire (†¦). What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action how like an angel, in apprehension how likeShow MoreRelated Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesby tragic fate. His star-crossed lovers are so madly in love with each other that they cannot live without being together. (RJ Prologue, 6) By contrast, in Twelfth Night the characters are so fickle that they switch love interests in the span of a few lines. By comparing the true love of Romeo and Juliet with the shallow love of Twelfth Night, it becomes clear that Shakespeare agrees with the Biblical assessment of love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is necessary, of course, to begin by explaining what theRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesmake a digression on overt and covert meaning and the relation of this distinction to the psychology of cognition. The various ways of knowing God are given as an example. Parts of the argument are to be found in a minor work by al-Gazzà ¢là ®. The comparison, frequent in Islamic literature, between the incomprehensibility of God and the intolerable brilliance of light, is used by way of illustration (pp.177-79). This is followed by speculation as to the reason why, of the twenty-eight letters of the

Restraints Review Of Qualitative And Quantitative Studies

Restraints Review of Qualitative and Quantitative studies The purpose of this paper is to critique the research article, Mohler Meyer’s â€Å"Attitude of nurses towards the use of restraints in geriatric care: A systemic review of qualitative and quantitative study 2014. The incident I am going to discuss in this paper is of Mr. P., an 85-year-old man, admitted to this facility about 4 months ago. His history includes coronary heart disease, cataract, dementia, hypertension, macular degeneration and Alzheimer’s. Mr P. scored 28 of 30 on the Folstein Mini-Mental State Test, he missed the date and recalled 2 of 3 objects in 5 minutes (Folstein, Folstein, and McHugh 1973). His medications include; Analgesics, antihypertensions, antipsychotics†¦show more content†¦To critique this article, I will use LoBiondo-Wood and Haber’s guidelines and information from the text Nursing research in Canada. Phenomena LoBiondo-Wood and Haber describes phenomena as those things which are perceived by our senses. In this article phenomena is the nurse’s attitude and their practical use of restrains is the base of study. Mohler Meyer (2014) used the systemic review of qualitative and quantitative research method because they had to discover information about their phenomenon from nurse’s experiences in geriatric setting. Purpose and Method Mohler Meyer introduces the purpose in abstract â€Å"to examine nurse’s attitude towards the use of physical restraint in geriatric care† (2014, p. 274). As nurses, we base our practice on evidence based research. LoBiondo-Wood and Haber describe a way to bring individual research to higher level on evidence hierarchy is to summarize the findings through a systemic review (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2013, p. 55). Mohler Meyer (2014) used systemic review to explore literature based on clinical area and â€Å"evaluates those articles as a whole† and used predetermined â€Å"criteria and methods† (p.62). A systematic review is defined as â€Å"a review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect and analyse data fromShow MoreRelatedChild Adolescent Population And Developmentally Impaired Persons Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagessystematic review articl es on the topic of restraints and seclusion (SR) and its implications within the child adolescent population and developmentally impaired persons. The articles should present evidence to address claims on reduction while the results of the studies provide evidence on rationales to these practices. Aggressive behaviors by both of these populations in inpatient psychiatric facilities at some point become a safety issue in terms of assault and injury for both. Both reviews focusRead More2.7 Summary It would appear that fast fashion has had a detrimental effect on the role of the self1200 Words   |  5 Pagesdispose in a sustainable way, that may not be their original motivation (Shim 1995). Young consumers have so far been targeted in research, (Morgan and Birtwistle 2009, Pookulangara and Shephard 2013, Birtwistle and Moore 2007) however this literature review has identified this as a gap in the research as young consumers may have learnt their behaviours from their elders (Ward 1974). 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Evidence Based Practice Nursing entails adopting a systematic critical thinking decision making process guided byRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesregular class setting effect the teaching strategies of regular education teachers and their regular education students? 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These organizations have amended and aligned their regulation requirements on the use of restraints which is mainly focused on limiting its use and putting emphasis on staffRead MoreImproving Patient s Safety Investigating Risk Factors For Falls1694 Words   |  7 PagesOlder adults living in long-term care facilities fall frequently and the rate will continue to increase. The purpose of this paper is to improve patient’s safety examining risk factors for falls using evidence based practice research studies. The studies suggested that falls are associated with many factors like impairments, medication, lack of exercise, and nursing intervention. Strategies for implementation of a fall prevention are listed, along with current nursing practice. Another essentialRead MoreCase Study Of PEPTALC Needs1085 Words   |  5 Pagesinstructors send updates to primary care team on any recommended education prior to discharge Scholarship Received IRB approval for a 6-month pilot study in which the ten-family sample size would be recruited to be exposed to the educational intervention. Access to the TCH EPIC medical records system received IRB approval to identify themes from the chart review was used to help direct learning objectives during the simulation training, to collect baseline data to better understand this high-risk patientRead MoreMexico Border Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesto health care is a great health determiner for the many foreign-born residents living in the United States, especially for undocumented immigrants2. The topic to be addressed in this review will include current health issues and accessibility of care for the people living along the US – Mexico border. 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Pre-Ib Geography Exam Review free essay sample

Angular Bearing: measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from the north; written as 3 figures (i. e. 90) * Military Grid (4 amp; 6 digit) * System of numbered lines; position stated by quoting numbers of the lines that intersect at the point in question * Easting Northing ; EAST TENTH NORTH TENTH * Contour line: a way of showing elevation; usually brown lines * Steep areas – very close contour lines, gentle areas – very wide contour lines * Latitude/Longitude * Latitude 0 °: Equator|23. 5 °N: Tropic of Cancer | 23.  ° S: Tropic of Capricorn * Longitude 0 °: Prime Meridian | 180 °: International Date Line * Scale different types; conversions Linear Scale| Representative Fraction Scale| Direct Statement Scale| * | * 1:50 000| * 1 cm to 10 km| * 1 km = 100 000 cm * Time Zones – know them amp; how to calculate time zone from one zone to another * From west – east: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Newfoundland * Plus 1 hour, as y ou travel from west to east Global Positioning System (GPS) – what is it? How do you use it? * Revolutionary navigation system; provide location with metres or less anywhere on the globe * Canada Map: Unit 3 * Geologic time-line (eras amp; major developments in each) * Precambrian Era: the earth is formed; Canadian shield is formed; bacteria amp; algae – only life forms * Paleozoic Era: the continents straddle the equator; first insects appear; Pangaea is formed * Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs rule the earth; first bird amp; mammals appear * Cenozoic Era: Dinosaurs go extinct; first Hominids appear; first humans reach North America * Continental Drift amp; Plate Tectonics * Continental drift (Alfred Wegener): 300 million years ago, all of the earth’s land masses, which were in constant motion, collided to form one supercontinent: Pangaea; could not explain how continents moved * Evidence: shape of the continents; Fossil Evidence; Rock Evidence; Glacial Deposits; Location of Coal Deposits * Plate tectonics (Canadian J. Tuzo. Wilson): the earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which moved in various directions by the underlaying hot mantle convection cells (mid-atlantic ridge) * Types of precipitations – Relief/Orographic precipitation; Cyclonic/Frontal precipitation; Convectional precipitation * Relief/Orographic precipitation: only in mountainous regions * Moist air rise up the windward slope amp; condenses as it rises amp; cools * Cool air descends on the leeward slope, warms up, drier climate because the clouds evaporate * Cyclonic/Frontal precipitation: only in places with hot summers +20 °C (continental areas) * The sun heats up the ground, warm air rises; condensing amp; forming clouds amp; precipitation. * As the storm persists, the air cools amp; drags down, bringing the storm to an end. * Convectional precipitation: happens in most places * Air masses of different pressure amp; temperatures don’t mix. * The warmer air will rise above the colder, dense one, creating precipitation. Gradual upward movement=mild precipitation; Sharp upward movement=thunderstorm, hail * Landforms: the natural features on the surface of the Earth (Canadian Shield, lowlands, highlands) What are they? | Development of landforms| How do they or will they contribute to Canada| Canadian Shield (largest amp; oldest landform region)PRECAMBRIAN| * Pressure inside Earth folded amp; crumpled the Metamorphic rock * Minerals in shield rock cooled amp; separated into layers according to their density * Intense heat amp; pressure changed the rocks * Erosion worn down mountains = flat * Ice age eroded amp; created lakes, depressions amp; valleys| * Not much farming thin layer of soil; little fertile land * Vast deposits of lead, gold, nickel, copper, zinc, etc. Mining communities drawn here; communities rely on the mining industry for jobs * Rich diamond deposits; Water for hydroelectric energy * Recreation, tourism, â€Å"get back to nature†, canoe| Appalachian Mountains (oldest highland region)PALEOZOIC| * End Paleozoic Era, North America collided with europe amp; northern Africa during the formation of Pangaea * Raised amp; folded layers of sedimentary, Igneous/metamorphic created from volcanoes amp; earthquake s * Erosion reduced jagged peaks to rounded hills amp; mountains * Glaciers smoothed peaks amp; separated hills with wide glacial valleys | * Sedimentary rich in non-metallic materials, i. e. coal * Igneous/Metamorphic rich in metallic minerals, i. e. iron amp; zinc created by volcanic activity amp; faulting * Long bays created from ice age, for deep harbours for ocean freighters amp; became site of major cities * Settlement along fertile river valleys amp; along seacoast| Innuitian Mountains (most northern region)MESOZOIC| * Formed in Mesozoic era; North American plate moved northward. Continental-continental convergence * Contain some igneous amp; metamorphic, but mainly sedimentary * Younger than Appalachians, not worn down as much| * Barren; trees can’t survive extremely cold winter temperatures; can’t grow during short summer * Covered by ice amp; permanent snow * Minerals not exploited because if remote location| Western CordilleraLATE MESOZOICEARLYCENOZOICCoast mountainsInterior plateausEastern Mountains| * Range after range of mountains separated by plateaus amp; valleys * Pacific plate amp; North American plate collided * Uplifting region into several mountain regions * Convergent; pacific plate subducted under North American causing folding, faulting, amp; volcanic activity * Great height + rugged appearance = geologically young| * North-south mountains amp; valleys = obstacle for transportation since main routes are west=south * Farming amp; mining towns in river valleys * Tourism(beautiful scenery); winter sports * Fishing(salmon); gold rush; energy resources * Copper, forestry, rocks, coal, fossil fuels| Interior PlainsPALEOZOIC + MESOZOICAlberta PlainsSaskatchewan PlainsManitoba Plains| * 545 million years ago; during formation, covered by inland seas, sediments deposited amp; compressed into sedimentary * Thick layers of mineral deposits left in dried-out sea beds * Composed of rolling hills amp; deep, wide river valleys * Differential erosion separated by escarpment * Glaciations created large lakes covered by sediments = flat| * Reafs from inland seas form oil amp; gas found today * Potash mined amp; used as fertilizer * Swamps at edge of ancient seas changed into coal * Soil developed on sediments of lake bottom deep fertile, good for growing grai ns amp; oil seeds * Agricultural amp; beef products | Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Lowlands(most southerly region)PALEOZOIC| * During Paleozoic era, glacier retreated which left 5 great lakes * Bedrock formed from sedimentary rock; several escarpments * Glaciations created rolling landscape, carried huge amounts of soil, sand amp; gravel from Canadian shield, dumped throughout region * Flat plains, glacial hills, amp; deep river valleys * Rift valley formed by faulting; flooded during end of ice age| * Good for agriculture; excellent soils amp; warm climate * Flat lands; ideal for transportation routes amp; development of cities (50% of canadians live in small) * 70% of country’s manufacturing industries * Maple syrup, forestry, mining, fishery, water supply, * Sheep, poultry, dairy, logging – lumber, paper| Hudson Bay Arctic LowlandsPALEOZOIC + PRECAMBRIAN + MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC + CENOZOIC| * Layers of sedimentary rock rest on top of ancient rock of Shield * Waters of Hudson Bay covered lowland amp; deposited sand, silt, amp; clay that became layer of sedimentary rock * A series of islands located in far north, gently rolling landscape * Bodies of water continues to deposit deep basins of sedimentary along east amp; west coasts (Paleozoic era) * Receding glaciers left sedimentary rock (Cenozoic)| * HB- mining, march, wetlands, plains * AL-Not good for farming, harsh climate * Rich in furs due to abundance of wildlife * Water resources provide hydro power for Ontario * Contain lignite, coal, oil, amp; natural deposits * Game, fishing| * Climate: weather conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time * Factors affecting Climate (LOWERN) * Latitude: Significant differences in average annual temperatures; distance from the equator a key factor. * The same amount of energy from the sun that hits Earth is spread over a large areas at northerly ocation because of th earth’s curve; the same amount of energy is more concentrated at the equator * Most southerly pointPelee Island; Most northerly pointAlert * Ocean Currents: The temperature of an ocean current affects the temperature of the air passing over it. * Warm– warm air – the mild climate of B. C. ; Cold– cold air – Labrador amp; nor thern Newfoundland * Where air above two currents meet, conditions are often damp amp; foggy. * Winds amp; Air Masses * Air Masses: large volume of air with the climate conditions of the area where it is formed. * Over ocean moist; as air masses pass over land=in precipitation; over continental area will generally be dry. * Winds amp; Pressure Systems * Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, this causes wind. Prevailing Winds: around the earth, there are pressure belts which cause wind patterns. * Westerlies: over Canada, the winds tends to move from the west to east . * Polar Front: the boundary between the cold, dry, polar air amp; warm, wet, tropical air. * Jet Stream: high in the atmosphere above the polar front is a current of fast-moving air. * In winter=moves southward, cold arctic air into the U. S. * In summer=moves northward, warm air from the Gulf of Mexico to flow farther northward into Canada’s interior. * Cold air masses amp; warm air masses that meet at the polar front often create storms. * Elevation: height of land above sea level Air mass moves up a mountain= expands since there is less pressure; as it expands=loses heat amp; becomes cooler. * Relief: the affect that mountain ranges act as barriers to climate systems * Result in greatly differing temperatures in different cities that are close to each other but separated by mountains. * Windward side of rocky mountains=more precipitation; leeward side of rocky mountains= precipitation. * Nearness to body of water: Bodies of water have a moderating effect on land temperatures. * Oceans amp; large lakes heat up amp; cool down more slowly than land masses. * Results in cooler summers amp; warmer winters. * Maritime vs. Continental climate * Maritime| * Continental| Total annual precipitation of over 1000 mm| * Total annual precipitation of less than 1000 mm| * A temperature range of less than 25C °| * A temperature range of more than 25C °| * Winter: Season of Maximum Precipitation| * Summer: Season of Maximum Precipitation| * Soil make-up (MOMA) * Minerals; Organic material amp; bacteria; Moisture; Air * Vegetation * Tree line: boundary between the Tundra amp; the Boreal Forest zone; North of this line, it is too cold for trees to grow. * Permafrost: permanently frozen ground that does not completely thaw in the summer. * Active layer: upper layer of permafrost that thaws only briefly in summertime Unit 4 Demography: study of human population dynamics, population numbers, distribution, trends, amp; issues that looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration amp; ageing. * Push/pull factors – what are they? Be able to identify them * Push factors: factors that causes people to emigrate from their country (i. e. war, absence of human rights, poor economic/educational opportunities, religious persecution, terrorism, amp; natural disasters) * Pull factors: factors that draws immigrants to a country (i. e. job opportunities, freedom of speech amp; religion, lower taxes, better education amp; health care, better climate, join friends/relatives living in another country ) * Immigration – benefits amp; drawbacks Benefits| Drawbacks| Declining fertility amp; population=severe labour shortages; * Fiscal burden of aging population; scarce staff-nursing homes amp; retirement facilities * Replace baby boomers jobs; fill jobs Canadians don’t want; temporary jobs during harvest time * High-skilled-innovate higher rate than canadians; low-skilled- meet crucial service sector gaps * More global prosperity than foreign aid/international trade; revolutionize Canada’s foreign aid policy| * Short term expediency; political gain * Stress on schools to take in new students * Little cultural communities formed * Lack of culture belonging * Competition for jobs of Canadians| * Types of immigrants (3 types) * Economic Immigrants Skilled Worker/ Professional: 67 points (government adjust; make sure immigrants meet Canada’s economic needs) * Business Immigrant: 37 points (show willingness/ability-make significant financial contributions to economy) * Family Immigrants (Allows Canadian residents to reunite with family members) * Every family immigrant must be sponsored by relative in Canada (provide housing amp; other needs for 3-10 years, if immigrant runs into financial difficulty, they need to help them) * Refugee (Apply for refugee status while in Canada as visitors/living in home country) * Fears cruel or inhumane treatment in their home country ( persecution-race, religion, nationality, political opinion) * Special category includes victims of natural disasters (storms, earthquakes), amp; human disasters (war, famine) * Points system – what are points given for? Who does it apply to? Education: High School, University/college (diploma, bachelor, doctorate, master’s degree)_______________Economic * Language ability: English/French (high/moderate/basic/no

Pressure Distribution Around Symmetrical Aerofoilc free essay sample

Pressure Distribution around a Symmetric Aerofoil Abstract: The following report is based on an experiment conducted to calculate the lift curve slope for a symmetrical aerofoil subjected to varying angles of attack. Pressure readings were taken at different points on the upper and lower surface of the aerofoil. The report concludes that maximum lift is generated between 12 ? -15? , which is also the stall point. It also states that region close to the leading edge contributes most to the lift force. Introduction:This experiment is designed to measure the static pressure distribution around a symmetric aerofoil, find the normal force and hence to determine the lift- curve slope. For zero angle of attack the pressure distribution is symmetrical around the aerofoil. Increasing the angle of attack (lifting the leading edge) increases the velocity of airflow hence decreases the air pressure on the upper-surface. The opposite happens on the lower-surface where high pressure is created. We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure Distribution Around Symmetrical Aerofoilc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This difference in pressure creates a force normal to the chord line in the direction of lower pressure, this force is called lift.As the angle of attack increases so does the lift until at a particular angle the airflow on the upper-surface is cut-off. This dramatically increases the drag and decreases the lift. The Experiment: Aerofoil of chord length 3. 5† is mounted inside a wind tunnel running at a suitable at a suitable wind speed. Pressure at different points on the surface of the aerofoil is measured using wall tappings. These tappings are connected to a multi-tube manometer. The dynamic pressure is measure using the tunnel reference pressure (hs) and atmospheric pressure (ha).Pressure readings will be taken for angles of attack from -1 ° to 16 ° at intervals of 5 °. Theory: The Pressure coefficient can be calculated from the manometer readings as follows: [pic] Where h is the reading for the tapping being considered, ha is the atmospheric pressure reading and hs is the static pressure in the tunnel working section. The tunnel speed can be determined using: [pic] Where ? is the angle of inclination of the manometer to the horizontal, ? m is the density if the manometer fluid (usually about 830 kg/m3) and ? is the density of air. Density of air can be calculated as follows: [pic]Initial Gradient of the Curve (CL/? ) = 0. 071 Discussion: Graphs 1-6 show how the coefficients of pressure CP vary at different positions on the surface of aerofoil as the Angle of attack, ? is altered. The values for Hole 2 have been linearly interpolated as they seem to give abnormal values consistently for all angles of attack. These flier values can be clearly observed on graphs 8-13 in the appendices. These values could have resulted due to a blockage in tube 2. Linear interpolation method corrects these values by taking into consideration the previous and the next value to the value with error, and finds the average of the two.Stagnation point is where CP value is +1. For the experiment, it occurs only when the angle of attack is -4?. It exists on the upper surface close to the leading edge. The Flow separation point is where the pressure distribution on the upper surface becomes constant. In this experiment this occurs when the angle of attack is 16?. This means that the flow cuts off and thus the pressure is almost the same as the atmospheric pressure, which means there in so suction. Another observation made during the test was that the wall tappings started swirling rigorously as the angle was increased; this uggests that the flow became turbulent on the upper surface. From the graphs above it can be seen that maximum suction for all the angles (except -4? ) exists at Hole 1, which is 1. 27 mm from the leading edge on the upper surface. The angle of attack at which most suction is achieved is 11? where the CP value reaches -3. 0; and it increases as the angle of attack is increased or decreased from 11?. The CP values at the trailing edge vary for different angles. They all range between 0 and -0. 5. It is maximum at -4? and 0? while it is minimum at 16?.